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__NOTOC__ Maurice William Cranston (8 May 1920 – 5 November 1993) was an English philosopher, professor, and author. He served for many years as Professor of Political Science at the London School of Economics, and was also known for his popular publications. In the late 1970s and early 1980s he was Professor of Political Theory at the European University Institute in Florence (Italy). He was born at 53 Harringay Road Harringay〔F. Rosen, ‘Cranston, Maurice William (1920–1993)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2007 http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/51808, accessed 25 April 2011〕 and educated at South Harringay School,〔 the University of London and the St Catherine's College, Oxford.〔(Obituary of Maurice Cranston ). Michael De-La-Noy. ''The Independent'', 8 November 1993. Retrieved 21 April 2011.〕〔(Maurice Cranston - Penguin Books Authors - Penguin Books )〕 As a young man, Cranston was a friend of the painter Denton Welch. During the Second World War, Cranston was a conscientious objector, active in the Peace Pledge Union, and a "frequent contributor" to its newspaper ''Peace News''.〔(Obituary:Professor Maurice Cranston ) Alan Eden-Green, ''The Independent'', 10 November 1993. Retrieved 21 April 2011.〕 Cranston's major works include biographies of John Locke, for which he received the 1957 James Tait Black Memorial Prize, and Rousseau, Jean-Paul Sartre, and others addressing the history of liberty.〔 He contributed to many publications in both Britain and the United States and wrote scripts for the BBC. In 1946 two of his detective novels were published by John Westhouse: ''Tomorrow We'll Be Sober'' and ''Philosopher's Hemlock''. Cranston's intellectual abilities were varied. His first academic book, ''Freedom: A New Analysis'' (1954), covered history (the history of liberalism), politics (a precursive discussion of what Sir Isaiah Berlin would later analyse as negative and positive liberty) and a philosophical attempt to resolve or at least elucidate freedom of the will. The philosophical section was the least successful; and Cranston never again attempted pure philosophy. His main academic strengths were as a biographer and as an intellectual historian. In a controversial paper, Cranston argued that the scarcity of welfare goods and services meant that supposed welfare rights are not really rights at all.〔Cranston, Maurice. ‘Human Rights: Real and Supposed,’ in Political Theory and the Rights of Man, edited by D. D. Raphael (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1967), pp. 43-51〕 In his later years, Cranston moved to the political right, and expressed admiration for Margaret Thatcher.〔Seldon, Arthur. ''The virtues of capitalism''. Liberty Fund, 2004 ISBN 0-86597-550-7. (p. 415)〕 Cranston also contributed to ''The American Spectator'' magazine. Cranston had a keen aesthetic sensibility. This was shown not only in his clothes but also in his elegant literary style. Elegance extended also to his conversation. At a party for politics students at the London School of Economics in 1965, sherry was much in demand. Professor Kingsley Smellie pointed to a bottle and said to Cranston : 'I hope you've ordered buckets of that stuff'. 'I have', Cranston replied without malice, 'not quite in those terms'. He died of a heart attack while taping a television production in London for the BBC. ==Publications== *''Freedom : A New Analysis'', London : Longmans, Green, 1954. *''John Locke : A Biography'', London : Longmans, Green, 1957. *''John Stuart MIll'', London : Longmans, Green, 1958. *''Human Rights Today'', London : Ampersand, 1962. *''Jean-Jacques Rousseau : The Social Contract'', tr. with intro., Harmondsworth : Penguin, 1968. *''Politics and Ethics'', Inaugural Lecture, London School of Economics, 1971, London : Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1972. *''The Mask of Politics, and Other Essays'', London : Allen Lane, 1973. *''What Are Human Rights?'', London : Bodley Head, 1973. *''Jean-Jacques: The Early Life and Work'', New York: Norton, 1982. (1 of Rousseau biography ) *''Imaga Dialogo Marks/Bakunin'' (Esperanto ), Laroque Timbaut (France): Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda, 1982. *''Jean-Jacques Rousseau : A Discourse on Inequality'', tr. with intro., Harmondsworth : Penguin, 1984. *'Rousseau on Equality', ''Social Philosophy and Policy'', 2(01), 1984. *''The Noble Savage'', Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1991.(2 of Rousseau biography ) *''The Solitary Self'', Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.(3 of Rousseau biography ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maurice Cranston」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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